Friday, January 31, 2020
Define the concepts of altruism Essay Example for Free
Define the concepts of altruism Essay Altruism is defined as a selfless concern or act for the welfare and good of others. An altruistic person is not motivated to do good because of reward or duty. A purely altruistic person gives without thought to benefits, reward or recognition.            Autonomy in the general sense is an individuals capacity to make rational decisions without coercion from any quarter. In the moral sense, autonomy is the basis of a persons moral responsibility for his actions.            Human dignity refers to a persons state of integrity, righteousness and virtue.  In another perspective, human dignity means the intrinsic right of people to be accorded unconditional respect without regard for his gender, race, status, and political inclinations.            Integrity is a concept that refers to a persons consistency in doing things and in his principles. People with integrity behave in accordance with their beliefs and value system.            Social justice is an application, rather than administration, of justice in every part of society. When there is social justice, every member of society is fairly and equitably treated and receives his fair share of societal benefits. Describe how each value impacts the practice of a professional nurse. A professional nurse should have an intrinsic need to help without thought for reward. By applying altruism to the practice, the nurse becomes a better care giver who truly cares for the well-being of the patient.            Autonomy impacts the professional nurse in the sense that he is responsible for the life of his patients. He has to be alert and careful in performing his tasks because it is his moral obligation to make sure the patients life is not endangered because of errors. The nurse must be competent in assessing and performing patient care using knowledge and professional expertise.            Human dignity affects a professional nurse since he has to respect his patients no matter who he is. In other words, the nurse cannot discriminate against any patient.            In the nursing profession, a nurse with integrity acts and performs his duties in accordance to standards and ethics and he does not falter in his duties.            Social justice requires the professional nurse to do his service to every member of society. In the same manner, the nurse is required to treat all of his patients fairly and equitably as members of community. Discuss how student demonstrates values listed above.            A student must study nursing not because of the perceived financial rewards or job security in the future. He must study nursing because it his greatest desire to do good.            Autonomy is shown by a student when he shows responsibility for his studies. He does not let his peers pressure him into doing activities that are not considered moral and legal.            Human dignity is demonstrated by a student when he shows respect for all of his classmates, teachers, and other people he comes in contact with. He does not entertain thoughts of being socially better or inferior to anyone.            A student of integrity does his coursework consistently and responsibly. He does not cut classes and does not perform half-heartedly in class.            Social justice is applicable to a student by not hindering other students to have the privilege of education. This could mean, refraining from bullying acts and other acts of aggression towards other students. References Morgan, S.H. (2007, September 27). The Forces of Magnetism: Core Characteristics to Achieve            Magnet Recognition. Medscape Online. Retrieved September 26, 2008, from            http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/562944?src=rss Nermin, E., Altun, I. (1998). Professional and Personal Values of Nursing in Turkey. Eubios            Journal of Asian and International Bioethics, 8, 72-75. National University. (2008). Professional Nursing Values. Retrieved September 26, 2008, from            http://www.nu.edu/LIBRARY/Reserve/nsg310.html
Thursday, January 23, 2020
Racism is Unacceptable Essay examples -- Racial Prejudice Discriminati
Racism is Unacceptable From the beginning of recorded history, possibly before then, humans have found a necessity for classifying and categorizing every aspect of life. This need for order has been used to efficiently organize and clarify the endless details on Earth. This arrangement of objects in groups has also created a very sinister and volatile mindset that some people live by. This associative manner of classification has lead to the formation of beliefs in race identities, stereotypes, and superiority in the form of racism. Racism is contempt for people who have physical characteristics different from your own (Nanda and Warms 1). This concept is often combined with what is called racialism. Racialism is an ideology based on the following suppositions: There are biologically fixed races; different races have different moral, intellectual, and physical characteristics (Nanda and Warms 1). This is the ideal that many people engage in consciously and the way some people think without even realizing i t. The only way to overcome this derogatory belief system is to define the meanings and misunderstandings of racial differences. Race is the term for classifications of people based on opinions about physical characteristics and differences between groups of individuals. The problem with this is that these differences do not really provide distinctions between ancestral lineages. In fact, these subtle differences between so called races, like broadened noses, physical structure, and skin color, are the results of environmental circumstances encountered by early nomadic human groups as they moved and settled in new territories. These traits are the products of many thousands of years of genetic hit or miss. Some of these... ... not curious about the skin colors, hair textures, bodily structures, and facial features associated with racial background (Rensberger 57). As a result of this, we can only hope that by not tolerating this type of thinking in our children and not being part of it with our associates we can help make racism an unpopular and unacceptable way of life. Works Cited 1. Keita, S. O. Y. and Kittles, Rick A. â€Å"The Persistence of Racial Thinking and the Myth of Racial Divergence.†American Anthropologist. 99 (September 1997): 534- 542. 2. Nanda, Serena and Warms, Richard L. Cultural Anthropology. Belmont, CA: West/ Wadsworth, 1998. 3. Rensberger, Boyce. â€Å"Racial Odyssey.†Science Digest. (January/ February 1981) Reprint. 57- 63. 4. Wachtel, Paul L. Race in the Mind of America: Breaking the Vicious Circle between Blacks and Whites. New York: Routledge, 1999.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Drugs and Its Effects
A drug is a substance which has a discernible physiological effect when taken into the body. These chemicals change the functions of the central nervous system (CNS), providing temporary relief from mental, physical and social problems. Usage of a drug over a period of time often results in dependence and tolerance of the drug. The user experiences physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms when attempts are made to quit the drug. Tolerance refers to the increased ability of the body to tolerate the drug without ill effects. Due to drugs having the capacity to enhance performance, they are often used recreationally and abused. This leads to addiction which can potentially destroy lives. Drugs which alter behavior could be categorized as stimulants, hallucinogens and depressants. Stimulants are a class of drug which can alter the way in which someone behaves by stimulating the central nervous systems. In other words, they increase the activity of the brain resulting in increased alertness physical activity, productivity, endurance and motivation. Stimulants include amphetamines, called ‘uppers’, cocaine and nicotine. Users usually find relaxation and rest impossible and tend to have no appetite. Moreover, side effects may include muscle spasms, chest pain, nausea, and blurred vision due to an overworked heart and the subsequent high blood pressure. During World War II, stimulants were extensively used by soldiers to maintain alertness. By then, various forms of the drug were readily available such as methamphetamine. Today however, due to its side effects and addictive properties, possession and usage have been made illegal and doctor prescriptions have been significantly reduced. Hallucinogens are a class of drugs which cause an alteration in perception, thought, or mood. Examples of hallucinogens drugs include marijuana, magic mushrooms and cannabis. These drugs distort sensory perception by interfering with the activity of acetylcholine, norepinaphrine, or serotonin. Hallucinogenic drugs are among the oldest known group of drugs used for their ability to alter human perception and mood. Effects of hallucinogens include perceptual distortion, increased heart rate, nausea, weaknesses and hearing, touching and seeing things that don’t exist. The effects of hallucinogens take place within half an hour and last for several hours. Depressants are a group of drugs which temporarily diminish the function or activity of a specific part of the body or mind. Depressants are described as psychoactive drugs that slow down one’s Central Nervous System (CNS), thus they are referred to as â€Å"downers†. These types of drugs are used as prescribed medication as well as illicit substances and can be dangerous. Depressants include alcohol, barbiturates and tranquillizers. Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are the two major categories of depressants used as medicine. Benzodiazepines that are commonly used such as Diazepam (Valium) and Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) were developed as a safe alternative to barbiturates to treat insomnia and anxiety but are now a major category of abused drugs. The prolonged use of these drugs can result in tolerance. In addition, the sudden withdrawal from these drugs by habitual users may result in physical withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia, nausea, headaches, weakness and blood pressure drops. This may consequently lead to a coma and or death. Drugs which alter behavior could be categorized as stimulants, hallucinogens and depressants. The use of each type of drug results in an alteration of the Central Nervous System. Stimulants tend to affect the Central Nervous System by stimulating ones brain hence altering ones behavior. Hallucinogens are known to distort one’s senses by causing changes in perception, thought, and emotion. On the other hand, depressants have the opposite effect of stimulants. Depressants tend to temporarily slow down the function or activity of a particular part of the mind or body. Although some types of these drugs are acquired legally, they are often abused.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
The Nature Of People s Beliefs - 1660 Words
Philosophy allows people to study the nature of people’s beliefs. Throughout history people’s beliefs have differed. At one time people may believe one idea and decades later people may completely disagree with that idea. Not even the ideas of the law are exempt from this occurrence. Since the spoken word, hundreds of philosophers have defined law in different ways. Seeing law in different ways people can come to different conclusions about specific cases. The Fugitive Slave Law was a controversial law in American history. The Fugitive Slave Law allowed slave-owners to capture their slaves who have fled North to free states. In United States v Morris, the emancipators challenged the Fugitive Slave Law in Boston. A group of emancipators†¦show more content†¦Philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas describes the Natural Law theory as a theory coming from the eternal law which is God’s law imprinted on us. People determine moral issues from what is right and wro ng. Aquinas did think the answers for the moral issues were clear; however, he still asserted that sometimes it is hard for people to decipher what was right and wrong. Aquinas thinks laws come from the conclusions made from basic human knowledge - knowing right and wrong. The law of nature derives from morality Aquinas would say that morality and justice are serve from the moral law and justice, and is what morality requires of us (Aquinas). Morality requires us to act righteously. If a law is not moral, thus it is not a law I don t see that you have explained why Aquinas thinks that. The Fugitive Slave Law goes against the laws of nature. Humans have their own free will and the law of nature does not permit one human to claim another human. People are not property and have their own free will. Obviously, morality says people are not possessions. One cannot approach a person and say, â€Å"I own you.†It is not morally justifiable. According to Aquinas, the Fugitive Slave L aw is not a real law because it does not follow morality. At the time of the Fugitive Slave Law, people knew slavery was wrong; so, the jurors in Morris did conduct in the appropriate manner. As stated before, natural law theory states a law requires morality. The jurors
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